Methods and systems for providing supplemental contextual content

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for generating supplemental content are disclosed. A supplemental content selector inputs a primary article and, based on supplemental content logic that governs an examination of content metadata associated with individual elements of the primary article, outputs a supplemental article. The supplemental content logic may also include a preference of a user or a system capability of a system of the user. The supplemental content selector can be used as part of a portal generation system in which space in a portal page is reserved for the supplemental article. In this way, the user of the portal generation system will be provided a portal page that is likely to reflect the interests of the user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/380,863, titled “Enhancing Information Portals withSupplemental Contextual Content,” filed May 17, 2002, and from U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/380,834, titled “Personalizing PortalContent Dynamically,” filed May 17, 2002, and from U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/380,864, titled “Rich Media Information Portals,”filed May 17, 2002, which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Certain disclosed implementations relate generally to theprovision of information, and, more particularly, to providing contentthat supplements previously-provided information.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Technologies exist which allow users to designate categories ofinformation in which desired content may be presented. For example, websites may allow users to select categories from a variety of differentsources and content providers. Such sites are generally known as“portals,” and provide a central gateway through which users can bepresented with options and links to various information sources. In thisway, users can check, for example, their stocks, mail, local weather,sports scores, and movie listings.

[0004] In another example, portals are capable of providing categorizedcontent in disparate pieces (sometimes referred to as “iViews”), whereeach iView and its associated content can be aggregated into a singledelivery package (for example, a web page). Users may select a categoryof content to be included within each iView, and may generally choosewhich iView(s) to see and exercise some control over how it ispositioned inside the aggregated result.

[0005] Once personalized, however, the result is static. That is, theset of iViews shown is constant, as well as the order in which iViewswithin the set are shown. The content of each iView is likely to changeover time (for example, actual news headlines), but its overall subjectis usually static (for example, company news).

[0006] Other techniques exist that attempt to provide users with contentthat will be of particular interest to each user. For example, web sitesmay track items such as books and Digital Video Disks (“DVDs”) based onattributes of such items, such as title, author, performer, and genre.By tracking previously-purchased books and DVDs, registered users may bepresented with a web page offering items with similar attributes.

SUMMARY

[0007] Various implementations extend a portal system to provide thecapability of displaying supplemental contextual information based oncontent that is already shown. One implementation looks for metadatathat each iView contains (for example, an article about Intel willcontain metadata indicating that it is about a “Company” called “Intel”)and, based on this metadata, includes supplemental iViews that arerelated to this metadata (for example a stock ticker iView that willshow the current stock price of Intel).

[0008] Other implementations may be used in connection with a non-portalsystem, such as a system in which a pool of articles is accumulatedbefore a user signs on to the system. In these systems, the articles inthe pool may be ranked and/or filtered according to criteria such asuser preferences, and supplemental content can be generated before orafter the ranking/filtering process.

[0009] Other implementations may be used in connection with a newsinformation service, in which a publisher of supplemental contextualinformation eavesdrops on the news information service for messagesconcerning topics about which the publisher has, or can obtain,supplemental content. Recipients of the original message(s) can thusreceive the supplemental content, as well.

[0010] Thus, various implementations provide a means to dynamicallysupplement displayed information based on the content of theinformation, and to thereby enhance the user experience by displayingsuch supplemental contextual content.

[0011] In one general aspect, supplementing content may includeinputting a primary media asset, where the primary media asset includesprimary content having individual elements and primary content metadata.The primary content metadata may include the individual elements and acharacterization of the individual elements. Supplemental content logicmay be accessed, where the supplemental content logic may include rulesfor the selection of supplemental content based on the primary contentmetadata. The supplemental media asset may be output based on thesupplemental content logic.

[0012] The primary media asset and the supplemental media asset may beaggregated for delivery to a user. The primary media asset and thesupplemental media asset may be delivered to the user, perhapselectronically. The delivery may include formatting a first frame fordisplaying the primary content, and formatting a second frame fordisplaying the supplemental content.

[0013] The supplemental content logic includes preference informationrelated to the user. The supplemental media asset may includesupplemental content and supplemental content metadata characterizingindividual elements of the supplemental content. The supplementalcontent logic may specify a particular topic that is specified by thesupplemental content metadata, for inclusion in the supplemental mediaasset.

[0014] The supplemental media asset may be output by determining aprimary discussion object within the primary content metadata, and thesupplemental content selection rule specifies that the supplementalcontent should include the primary discussion object.

[0015] When the supplemental media asset is output, an amount of spaceavailable for displaying the supplemental media assets to the user maybe determined, and the amount of space available may be included in thesupplemental content logic. The supplemental content logic may includeinformation related to an availability to a user of a rendering medium.

[0016] The primary media asset may be input, the supplemental contentlogic may be accessed, and the supplemental media asset may be outputelectronically.

[0017] The primary media asset and the supplemental media asset may bedelivered to the user in a first and a second frame, respectively. Thefirst frame and the second frame may be a first iView and a secondiView, respectively.

[0018] The supplemental content logic may include an importance levelassigned to the primary content metadata.

[0019] The primary media asset and the supplemental media asset may beaggregated by assembling a pool of primary media assets, filtering thepool of primary media assets to obtain a filtered pool, prioritizingeach primary media asset within the filtered pool (based on a preferenceof the user), and delivering the primary media assets and thesupplemental media asset to the user.

[0020] In this case, the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset may be aggregated by including a plurality of supplemental mediaassets with the pool of primary media assets before the filtering andthe prioritizing of the primary media assets. Alternatively, the primarymedia asset and the supplemental media asset may be aggregated byselecting a supplemental media asset for delivery with the primary mediaassets based on the filtering and the prioritizing of the primary mediaassets.

[0021] Additionally, multiple supplemental media assets may be outputand stored, so that at least one of the supplemental media assets may beselected for delivery to a user upon a request from the user.

[0022] In another general aspect, a system for aggregating content mayinclude an article reader operable to output a primary article, theprimary article including primary content and primary content metadatacharacterizing individual elements of the primary content. The systemmay also include a storage device operable to store a supplementalcontent selection rule, and a supplemental content selector operable toselect a supplemental article for delivery to the user, the supplementalarticle containing supplemental content and supplemental contentmetadata relating to individual elements of the supplemental content,the supplemental article being selected based on the primary contentmetadata, the supplemental content metadata and the supplemental contentselection rule. Also, a pagination engine may be included that isoperable to aggregate the primary article and the supplemental articleinto personalized content.

[0023] The content selection rule may include information about a typeof rendering medium available to the user for rendering the supplementalarticle. The content selection rule may alternatively or additionallyinclude an amount of space available to the user for rendering thesupplemental article. The content selection rule may alternatively oradditionally include information relating to a display or contentpreference of the user.

[0024] The primary content metadata may include an importance level ofthe primary content, and the content selection rule may includeinformation related to selecting the supplemental article according tothe importance level.

[0025] The pagination engine may be operable to format a first frame fordisplay of the primary article, and a second frame for display of thesupplemental article.

[0026] The supplemental content selector may generate the supplementalarticle for selection and delivery to the user.

[0027] In another general aspect, in an apparatus including a storagemedium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions may includea number of code segments. A first code segment may be for accessing aprimary article, the primary article including primary content andprimary content metadata characterizing individual elements of theprimary content. A second code segment may be for implementing a displayfor displaying at least some of the articles, the display having a firstsubsection and a second subsection. A third code segment may be forassociating the primary article with the first subsection. A fourth codesegment for generating a supplemental article containing supplementalcontent and supplemental content metadata, the supplemental contentmetadata including individual elements of the supplemental content,based on the primary content metadata, the supplemental content metadataand a content selection rule. A fifth code segment may be forassociating the supplemental article with the second subsection.

[0028] The first and second subsections may display the primary articleand the supplemental article, respectively.

[0029] In another general aspect, a system for rendering content mayinclude a media asset reader operable to access media assets. The systemmay also include a frame generator operable to generate a set of framesin a display format in which a subset of the media assets is to bedisplayed, and further operable to generate a supplemental frame in thedisplay format. The system may also include a supplemental contentgenerator operable to determine a supplemental media asset, based onsupplemental content metadata within the supplemental media asset and oncontent selection rules, for inclusion within the supplemental frame.

[0030] Each media asset in the subset may include content and contentmetadata characterizing the content, and the supplemental contentgenerator may determine a supplemental media asset based on the contentmetadata.

[0031] The supplemental content generator may be further operable todetermine the supplemental media asset based on preference metadataassociated with a user. The frame generator may be further operable todynamically size the set of frames and the supplemental frame, based onan amount of space available for display and preference metadataassociated with a user.

[0032] In another general aspect, a system for delivering content mayinclude means for selecting a number of articles, means for analyzingthe number of articles to determine related articles, means foraggregating the number of articles and the related articles, and meansfor delivering the number of articles and the related articles to auser.

[0033] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will beapparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an article generation system.

[0035]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for delivering a portalhaving supplemental content to a user.

[0036]FIG. 3 is a screenshot of a portal page that may be generated bythe system of FIG. 2.

[0037]FIG. 4 is a screenshot of the portal page of FIG. 3 and thatincludes supplemental content.

[0038]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system for delivering dynamicpersonalized content in conjunction with supplemental content.

[0039]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a rich-media content delivery systemincorporating a supplemental content selector.

[0040]FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a supplemental content selector in apublish/subscribe infrastructure that includes an informationdistribution source.

[0041]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a supplemental content generationsystem.

[0042]FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a supplemental content generationsystem.

[0043]FIG. 10 is a screenshot of a message and supplemental content.

[0044]FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a supplemental content generationsystem in a content-based messaging environment.

[0045]FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a content delivery systemusing a contextual publisher.

[0046]FIG. 13 demonstrates a system for providing supplemental contentto a user.

[0047]FIG. 14 demonstrates an article 1400 used in one implementation ofthe system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an article generation system 100. InFIG. 1, an article generator 105 interacts with information sources 110to publish articles to a database 115. Sources of information forarticles might include an application's application program interface(“API”), an on-line analytical processing (“OLAP”) server, a private orpublic database, and the World-Wide Web (perhaps queried through thehypertext transfer protocol (“HTTP”), simple object access protocol(“SOAP”), or other common protocols of the Internet).

[0049] Article generator 105 may utilize various techniques forgathering and publishing information as discrete articles. For example,article generator 105 may utilize software agents to gather appropriateinformation (agents are generally defined as automatons running on ascheduled basis and querying a data source for information and eitherproducing or not producing content based in part on the result of thatquery).

[0050] The use of the term “article” in this context generally refers toa discrete collection of information that may include content andinformation about the content. Information about the content may includehigh-level attributes of the article, such as its author or generalsubject heading (for example, sports or weather). The information aboutthe article also may include portions of the actual content itself usedto articulate content metadata, perhaps in the form of “discussionobjects.”

[0051] In general, discussion objects are considered to be conceptual ortangible objects that are mentioned (discussed) as part of an article.This may include words, phrases, graphics, sequence of notes in an audiofile, or some other aspect of the content of the article. Similarly,“discussion classes” are the types, or categories, of discussionobjects. For example, an article about a discussion class of “computermanufacturers” may mention discussion objects “Intel” many times, whileonly mentioning “Dell” infrequently. Discussion objects and/ordiscussion classes may be categorized within a particular article as,for example, primary or secondary with respect to that article. Also,discussion objects and/or classes may overlap to some extent with thehigh-level attribute information.

[0052] Articles may be, for example, text, video, audio, Hyper-textMarkup Language (“HTML”) files, or another available rendering medium,or a combination of two or more of these media. Articles may contain thesame piece of content in multiple forms, and may permit generation ofone type of content from another, as discussed below. Therefore, anarticle may also be referred to as a “media asset,” message, or anothersimilar term describing such information to be passed on to a user.Content of an article may include a publicly-available web page (orportion thereof), an internal electronic mail, an individual's personalcontact information, weather information, or a set of stock quotes.Content also may be obtained from specific applications, such as aprofit and loss report of a company, an OLAP report, a “print-out” of asales order, or many other examples of discrete pieces of content to bemade available to the user(s).

[0053] In FIG. 1, some articles may already include attribute andcontent metadata information. If a particular article has no associatedmetadata, a metadata enhancer 120 may be used to examine the content ofthe article and generate metadata accordingly. Even if some information,such as attribute information or content metadata, is included with anarticle, metadata enhancer 120 may be used to further enhance thearticle by providing content metadata (or additional content metadata ifsome content metadata already exists).

[0054] Various object models may exist for describing how the contentmetadata should be generated, characterized, and interpreted. An objectmodel includes a definition of permissible discussion objects and theclasses to which these objects belong. These object models may differ indifferent contexts; for example, Intel might be a “customer” to oneenterprise and a “supplier” to another. Multiple object models cantherefore be implemented in conjunction with a context of a particulararticle; that is, Intel might be characterized as both/either a customerand/or a supplier for a particular article.

[0055] Articles may be additionally output to a supplemental contentselector 125. Supplemental content selector 125 analyzes the attributeinformation and content metadata associated with each article, andcompares this information against a set of rules contained in asupplemental content logic database 130. Supplemental content selector125 may then gather information from information sources 110 and/or 135(that is, may use the information sources 110 available to articlegenerator 105, as well as other information sources 135), and thereafterpublish supplemental articles 140. In one implementation, the primaryand secondary articles may be published in the Extensible MarkupLanguage (“XML”) or in HTML.

[0056] There may be many different rules that can be implemented assupplemental content logic. For example, one rule may state thatsupplemental content should always be generated for a particular companyor other discussion object. Another rule may state that supplementalcontent should be provided for a particular discussion object if it ismentioned in some threshold number of primary articles in database 115.Other rules may be used, as discussed below and/or as would be apparentin a particular implementation.

[0057]FIG. 2 is a block diagram 200 including a system 205 fordelivering a portal having supplemental content to a user. System 205might be, for example, an Internet server that is part of the World WideWeb. In FIG. 2, as generally described above, article generator 105generates articles to be delivered to a user 210. For example, user 210may be using a web-based browser for displaying a portal that includes aplurality of iViews, wherein each iView contains articles that areinstances of a particular category. For example, an iView designated tocontain “business” articles might contain an article about DellComputers or General Electric Company (“GE”). The iViews can be arrangedon a screen according to a preference of the user 210.

[0058] In this and related implementations, it should be understood thatthe term article could also be considered to extend to the entirety ofthe iView itself, even in the situation where the iView contains aplurality of different stories. That is, given that supplemental contentis selected based on content of an iView, as explained in more detailbelow, all of the content generated by code associated with the iView(that is, the content of the iView), can be considered one article forthe purpose of generating supplemental content therefrom.

[0059] It should be understood that articles generated by articlegenerator 105 will not generally exist prior to a time that user 210requests a portal page from system 205. That is, when user 210 logs ontosystem 205 and receives (and/or refreshes) a corresponding portal page,system 205 actuates article generator 105 and retrieves information frominformation sources 110 to formulate articles for delivery to user 210.This article generation may be as simple as obtaining apreviously-written news article from an on-line newspaper, or it may bemore complicated, such as accessing a database to withdraw requesteddata and compose a user-specific story from that data.

[0060] This technique of article generation should be differentiatedfrom the technique of compiling a pool of articles before user 210 (orother users) even logs onto system 205. An example of a system that cancompile articles for (and associate subsets of the articles with eachof) a plurality of users before receiving a request from any of theusers is discussed below, and is described in detail in U.S. applicationSer. No. 10/231,440, titled “Dynamic Presentation of PersonalizedContent” and filed Aug. 30, 2002, and in U.S. application Ser. No.10/231,459, titled “Rich Media Information Portals” and filed Aug. 30,2002, which are each incorporated by reference for all purposes.

[0061] In other words, it should be understood that the differencebetween a portal system, as that term is used herein, and the systems inthe above-referenced disclosures, is that the former type of systems aregenerally “query” systems, in which data is obtained in a reactivemanner. That is, data is generally obtained only after a user (or other)request, and based on the request. In contrast, the latter types ofsystems are generally “reverse-query” systems, in which data is obtainedproactively (for example, on a periodic basis), prioritized with respectto a particular user, associated with the user and stored for deliveryto the user if and when that user logs onto the system.

[0062] In FIG. 2, articles generated by article generator 105 are shownto be stored as primary articles in a database 215 within a largerdatabase 220. It should be understood that such storage is typicallymerely a caching of articles in the event that one or more of thearticles may be requested again in the near future, and, consistent withthe explanation of a “query” system 205 just given, these articles arenot associated with a particular user, but rather are available inresponse to any user who might request one or more before the article(s)expire from the cache. Articles shown as being stored in primaryarticles database 215 need not be stored at all, and could simply bedelivered to user 210 via a pagination engine 230, and re-generatedlater on an as-needed basis.

[0063] Pagination engine 230 is generally used to describe a portion ofsystem 205 that interacts with user 210 to receive a request, a userpreference, and/or a system capability (where the user preference andthe system capability may or may not be part of the request).

[0064] Pagination engine 230 may then act to deliver a portal page andassociated iViews (having category-appropriate articles containedtherein) to user 210, with the iViews being arranged in a mannerdetermined by user 210 during an initial portal set-up.

[0065] The user system capabilities may be stored in a user systemcapability database 235, and the user preferences may be stored in auser preference database 240. It should be understood that userpreference database 240 is generically used to refer to an ability ofsystem 205 to store any user preferences. For example, user preferencedatabase 240 may store information used by article generator 105 togenerate primary articles. User preference database 240 may also storethe user-determined layout or arrangement of the iViews on the user'sportal page.

[0066] User preference database 240 may also store preferences of theuser 210 with respect to supplemental articles. Thus, data stored withinuser system capability database 235 and user preference database 240 maybe used by supplemental content selector 125 in conjunction with otherinformation stored in a supplemental content logic database 245 togenerate articles that supplement the primary articles generated byarticle generator 105. The supplemental articles, similarly to primaryarticles, may be cached in a database 250 within database 220, or may begenerated on an as-needed basis (and therefore not cached at all).

[0067] As discussed above with respect to FIG. 1, supplemental contentselector 125 may generate supplemental articles from the sameinformation sources 110 used by article generator 105, or may accessother information sources 135. Supplemental content selector 125generally generates supplemental content based on attributes and contentmetadata of the primary articles. Content metadata may be included withthe primary articles through, for example, the operation of metadataenhancer 120.

[0068] In one implementation of system 205, supplemental contentselector 125 may generate supplemental content based simply on theappearance of a particular topic or subject in articles output byarticle generator 105. In other implementations, the supplementalcontent selector 125 may be more specific to user 210 than simplyspecifying a particular topic or subject. For example, the supplementalcontent selector 125 may select supplemental content based onsupplemental content logic 245, where supplemental content logic 245includes rules that are personalized to each of a plurality of users,including user 210.

[0069]FIG. 3 is a screenshot 300 of a portal page that may be generatedby system 205. The screenshot 300 of FIG. 3 assumes, for the sake ofexample, a scenario in which system 205 is being deployed in anenterprise environment, that is, in which an enterprise utilizes system205 as part of its company network to provide relevant information toits employees. However, it should be understood that such a scenario mayinclude access by the system 205 of external sources of information,such as sources on the Internet. It should also be understood thatsystem 205 may be deployed via a public, as well as a private, network.

[0070] In FIG. 3, a first iView 305 has previously been designated byuser 210 to contain information about the category “customerinformation.” Accordingly, in this example, iView 305 contains anarticle about customers of the enterprise. More specifically, iView 305happens to contain information about which important customers in aparticular region have pending complaints with the enterprise.

[0071] Based on the explanation above with respect to FIG. 2, it shouldbe understood that the article (that is, the content) within iView 305did not necessarily exist before user 210 logged onto system 205. Thatis, customer information existed in list form in a company database, butthe specific article about which of the customers in a particular regionhave pending complaints did not exist until user 210, having iView 305designated for “customer information,” logged on. The article in iView305 may be specifically generated for the “customer information” iView305, may be based on more specific user preferences about what type ofcustomer information to display, what region to limit the report to, or(though not shown in FIG. 2) may be generated based on specifications ofthe enterprise as to what will be shown to employees on a company portalpage.

[0072] Similar comments apply to other iViews shown in FIG. 3.Specifically, an iView 310 may be a “calendar” iView for displayingscheduling information specific to user 210, such as details of anupcoming meeting. Again, iView 310 will contain an article created tohave timely relevance to user 210; that is, if user 210 has logged ontosystem 205 after the meeting referred to in iView 310, then that articlemight never have been generated, and another article about astill-pending meeting might have been generated by article generator105. An iView 315 is an “other news” or miscellaneous iView for contentnot fitting into a particular category, and an iView 320 containscontent about enterprises that compete with the enterprise deployingsystem 205. In the cases of iViews 315 and 320, content may bepre-composed by an external source, emails addressed to user 210, workdocuments of user 210 stored on a database of the enterprise, or otherinformation available in information sources 110.

[0073] Finally, in the screen shot 300 of FIG. 3, a space or subsection325 represents space reserved for contextual iViews, that is, contentgenerated by supplemental content selector 125. This space may containone iView or a plurality of iViews, and the content of thesesupplemental iViews may vary based on articles within primary iViews305, 310, 315, and 320, where primary iViews may be considered a firstspace or subsection for primary articles (content). For example, thecontent of the supplemental iViews may vary based on the content of theprimary articles.

[0074] Articles within the various iViews each contain content metadata,as explained above with respect to FIG. 2. In the article of iView 305,for example, discussion objects include “East Region” 330, “Wacky Foods”335, “My Muffin Ltd” 340, “Breads R Us” 345, and “Have Your Cake Inc”350. Similarly, the article of iView 310 contains discussion objects“George Simmons” 355, “4/23” 360, and “Paris room” 365. Each of thesediscussion objects may be classified as part of a specific class orcategory, for example, “Wacky Foods” 335 may be classified as a“company” and/or a “customer.” These classifications are made accordingto a pre-determined object model, perhaps implemented by metadataenhancer 120, and may be incorporated into, for example, an XML or HTMLmessage that contains the information for the relevant article(s). Inthis way, as described above, supplemental content selector 125 maygenerate supplemental articles based on the content of primary articles.

[0075] Discussion objects may be identified in the content of an articleby displaying them in a different color than remaining text,highlighting them, underlining them, or using another technique foridentifying them to user 210. On the other hand, discussion objectscould simply be incorporated into the article as metadata, withoutexplicitly identifying them visually in the content at all.

[0076]FIG. 4 is a screenshot 400 of the portal page of FIG. 3 havingspace 325 filled with supplemental content. Specifically, FIG. 4includes a supplemental iView 405 that contains stock marketinformation, including current stock quotes for each of the companies335, 340, 345, and 350 identified in the article of iView 305. Anarticle in a supplemental iView 410 displays information about thediscussion object 355, “George Simmons.”

[0077] It should be understood that, in conventional systems, a userwould not expect to see, and indeed would not see, the supplementalinformation about George Simmons; that is, such information is differentfrom what the types of information the user selected for receiving whensetting up the primary iViews. Thus, the supplemental information may bea valuable tool for gaining the user's attention with respect to aparticular topic. Given that supplemental content will often begenerated for the most important articles/content within the primaryiViews, the user's attention will thus be drawn to the more importantarticles/content, as well. For example, the supplemental article aboutGeorge Simmons in this example, may allow or remind user 210 to contactGeorge Simmons regarding the meeting discussed in the article of iView310.

[0078] The amount of space 325 reserved for supplemental content, and/ora number of iViews to be included in space 325, may be determined byuser 210. In iView 410, content about only one discussion object(“George Simmons” 355) is included. However, more than one discussionobject can be included in each article within supplemental or contextualiViews 405/410. For example, in iView 405, content about each of thediscussion objects 335, 340, 345, and 350 is included.

[0079] Since space is limited for inclusion of supplemental content, andas referred to above, various rules may be included in supplementalcontent logic database 245 for determining what content is generated bysupplemental content selector 125 for inclusion in space 325. Forexample, supplemental content selector 125 may use a priority system todetermine iView categories and/or discussion objects for which togenerate supplemental content. Such priorities may be determined, forexample, by user 210 and/or the enterprise deploying system 205.

[0080] Supplemental content selector 125 may also examine a particulardiscussion object to determine, for example, how often it is mentionedin a particular primary article(s). If the discussion object ismentioned a certain number of times, it might be prioritized as a basisfor supplemental content.

[0081] In short, system 205 may be used to include supplemental contentin the context of an otherwise-conventional portal environment. Usersmay thus be provided with information (that is, the supplementalinformation) that may be useful or interesting to them, in addition toinformation provided in conventional portal environments.

[0082] Supplemental content selector 125 may also be used in contextsoutside of conventional portal environments. For example, FIG. 5 is ablock diagram 500 of a system 505 for delivering dynamic personalizedcontent in conjunction with supplemental content.

[0083] In FIG. 5, an article reader 510 may obtain articles or otherinformation from information sources 110, generate metadata, as needed,with metadata enhancer 120, and store the articles in an articlesdatabase 515. Although element 510 is described as an article reader, asopposed to an article generator 105, it should be understood that, asexplained above, an article generator typically compiles an articlebased on content in a database and in response to a user request,whereas article reader 510 may assemble articles prior to a specificuser request. However, the functionalities of the article generator 105and article reader 510 may overlap in a given scenario.

[0084] Information referencing the articles is passed on to acontent-based router 520. Although entire articles could be passedthrough the system 505, other techniques may be used. For example, onlylinks to corresponding articles need be circulated through system 505,with the articles themselves remaining stored in database 515. Asanother example, such links may be circulated with the associatedattribute and/or content metadata, but without the content itself; inthis way, the article may be processed (as discussed below), withoutactually having to circulate the article in its entirety.

[0085] Content-based router 520 examines each article with respect toits content, associated attributes, and/or content metadata, forexample, discussion objects, and compares this information toinformation stored for individual users. For example, an Access ControlList (“ACL”) database 525 contains a security clearance for each userwith respect to various subjects, so that a user who is not cleared toreceive certain information within an article will not receive thatarticle. A user preference database 530 contains information about eachuser, for example, the extent to which a user likes or dislikes aparticular subject, or the type of device(s) on which the user may bereceiving the articles.

[0086] A router capable of routing articles based on content asdescribed herein may be built and/or utilized to implement system 505.One type of router that is capable of performing the functionality ofcontent-based router 520 is known as Elvin and is produced by theDistributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC). The DSTC is anAustralian-based joint venture supported by the Australian Government'sCooperative Research Centres Program and over 24 participatingorganizations, and intended to develop enterprise infrastructure(s).Other types of content-based services include Gryphon, produced by IBM,and Keryx, a Java-notification service by Hewlett Packard.

[0087] User preferences for populating user preference database 525 canbe obtained by a number of techniques. For example, the preferencescould be gained by asking users to fill out a preference form beforegaining access to system 505. As another example, the preferences can bemodified over time by obtaining feedback from the users.

[0088] By accessing databases 530 and 525, content-based router 520 isable to filter articles that are restricted from or are of no interestto a particular user. The action of content-based router 520 thus easesthe burden on a personalized article processor (“PAP”) 535, which hasthe job of individually prioritizing the remaining articles. Theprioritization may be based on a comparison of contents of the userpreference database 525 to the content and to the contentmetadata/attributes of each article. Accordingly, individually-sortedarticles may be stored in a sorted articles database 540, where articlesfor user 210 are stored with their corresponding priority informationfor that user in database portion 545. The priority information may beassociated with an article by, for example, storing the information in atable or storing articles in a prioritized order.

[0089] Articles in database 545 may thus be presented to a user, asdiscussed in more detail below. Additionally, supplemental articles maybe generated by supplemental content selector 125 operating inconjunction with user system capability database 225, user preferencedatabase 525, and a supplemental content logic database 550 (andpossibly with ACL database 530, connection not shown). The supplementalarticles may be stored in database 555.

[0090] A pagination engine 560 may thus gain access to two sets ofarticles associated with, and prioritized with respect to, an individualuser. Pagination engine 560 will typically have access tocharacteristics of the client system being used by each user, which maybe stored in user system capability database 225, or determined from theuser request at the time of the request.

[0091] Pagination engine 560 determines a layout of the canvas beingused by each user, using a canvas layout subsystem 565. In this context,the term “canvas” includes any rendering media in which articles may bepresented. Canvas examples include web pages (on desktop computers,laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (“PDAs”), web-enabled cell phones,etc.), audio (for example, cell phone or radio), video (for example,television or Motion Picture Expert Group (“MPEG”) player), or anothertype of device capable of receiving content within an article andpresenting it to the user.

[0092] Since, as a practical matter, a canvas will typically havecapacity limitations, one of the services of the canvas layout subsystem565 within pagination engine 560 is to determine how much “space” isavailable to the user for displaying articles. For example, a webbrowser on a PDA typically will be able to display a smaller number ofarticles than a browser on a desktop computer. As another example, auser who receives audio articles via cell phone or radio only may havetwenty minutes during a car ride during which to listen to articles. Inshort, canvas layout subsystem 565 determines any user-specific capacityconstraints when deciding which articles to provide to a given user.

[0093] A content-type selector 570 determines which rendering media areavailable to the user for the selected canvas, and which articles areconsistent, or can be made to be consistent, with that media. Forexample, content-type selector 570 may determine that a canvas has audioand HTML capabilities, but not video.

[0094] Finally within pagination engine 560, a media-type enabler 575 isavailable to enable a rendering media that would not ordinarily beavailable to the user (based on the content type(s) of the articles),when feasible and desired. One example of this feature is the capabilityof reading aloud to the user an email that is included as an article.Another example is the generation of an animation of a newscaster,complete with moving lips, to read aloud a print story to the user.

[0095] For example, content-type selector 570 may determine from usersystem capability database 225 that a system for user 210 has audiocapability. Pagination engine 560 may then determine from userpreference database 525 that user 210 prefers to have text content readto him or her, rather than having the text content displayed on ascreen. Pagination engine 560 may then use media type enabler 575 toconvert the text content to an audio format.

[0096] During a final portion of the pagination process, paginationengine 560 aggregates the selected articles, in their selected formats,and delivers a personalized “page” of information to the user 210, sothat the user 210 receives articles for rendering that are of the mostinterest to him or her at a given point in time (or that the systemdetermines the user should/must see, even if the user has expressednon-interest in such an article, such as a direction from the user'sboss, or an article about a “hot” topic of the day). Here, it should beunderstood that a page refers to the aggregated articles, regardless ofthe rendering method. A system(s) of user 210 may thus receiveinformation suitable for rendering a page of information consistentlywith the user's respective system capabilities and requirements.

[0097] System 505 may also receive feedback from a user to be recordedin user preference database 525, so that the pages increasingly becomebetter-personalized to each user as time goes by.

[0098] System 505 may be implemented in an enterprise environment, asdiscussed above, for the convenience of employees and/or customers ofthe enterprise. Implementations may be utilized via various otherprivate networks, such as, for example, a university or other schoolnetwork. Implementations, additionally or alternatively, may be providedto members of the public at large, via the Internet.

[0099] It should be understood that the system 505 may thus providedynamic, personalized content to the user 210, and that this content maybe supplemented with supplemental content that is selected based on thepersonalized content. This implementation has various differences fromthe implementation described above with respect to FIGS. 2-4. Forexample, in the implementation of FIG. 5, the articles are pre-assembledfor user 210, based on information about the user 210. The articles canthus be prioritized and/or filtered for relevance with respect to user210, so that user 210 receives articles that will be of most interest tohim or her.

[0100] Thus, in the implementation of FIG. 5, the various sections ofthe screenshots 300 and 400 of FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, need not beiViews having pre-determined categories. Rather, the content andplacement of the sections 305, 310, 315, 320 and 325 could bedynamically determined based on the available articles and theirrespective prioritization/filtering status. In other words, in theimplementation of FIG. 5, the sections of screenshots 300 and 400 ofFIGS. 3 and 4 represent pre-assembled articles that are not(necessarily) generated by the system 505 at the time of a user request.Again, this approach allows placement, sizing, and selection of content(and content type or category) in a customized and dynamic manner thatis not generally available in the implementation of FIG. 2.

[0101] In conjunction with the above-described features of theimplementation of FIG. 5, supplemental content can be selected andpresented in a variety of ways. For example, if the supplemental contentis selected from articles already available in database 545, thensupplemental content selector 125 may be able to use the associatedprioritization information to better select supplemental content.

[0102] Another selection option includes supplemental content selector125 selecting supplemental content only for articles having a certainpriority level, or only for articles having the highest priority level.Similarly, another presentation option includes the ability to re-sizethe space 325 reserved for supplemental content, as needed. For example,if user 210 specifies that supplemental content is only desired for onediscussion class, such as “Company News,” and there is little or nocompany news to be shown in a current rendering for the user 210, thenthe space 325 may be reduced or removed, so that other articles may beincluded in that space. Other selection and presentation options existfor including supplemental content in the implementation of FIG. 5,using the information available via PAP 535, as would be apparent.

[0103] Additionally, supplemental content selector 125 need not selectsupplemental articles only from among the non-presented articles indatabase 545. Rather, supplemental content selector 125 may access theentire article pool stored in database 515, or may access externalinformation sources 135 (or 110, connection not shown). In such cases,supplemental content selector 125 may generate articles in the mannerdescribed with respect to article generator 105 in FIG. 2, at the timeof a user request or as the fulfillment of a pre-determined rule. Thisarticle generation may be based on prioritization/filtering informationof articles in database 545, or may be based on some other selectioncriteria specified by the user. In this implementation, articles neednot (but could) be stored in a database 555, and space 325 may bereserved for (static) iViews (even while remaining portions of thescreen may have the dynamic, personalized nature described above andenabled by the implementation of FIG. 5).

[0104] Also in the implementation of FIG. 5, it should be understoodthat database 540 may include a plurality of users, where eachuser-designated database portion might have supplemental articlesassociated therewith.

[0105] Finally with respect to FIG. 5, it should be understood thatsystem 505 may by used to generate content that is not restricted to aweb page. Rather, as referred to above with respect to pagination engine575, content may be stored as video, audio, text, or any other formatcompatible with a particular article and a system of user 210. System205 of FIG. 2 might also utilize the ability to store various types(media) of content by incorporating some of the functionality ofpagination engine 560 in pagination engine 230 (discussed below withrespect to FIG. 6), although pagination engine 230 would not require theaggregation functionality of pagination engine 560 (since paginationengine 230 would not generally be sizing or placing portions of a canvasin the same sense as pagination engine 560, which may use, for example,prioritization information).

[0106]FIG. 6 is a block diagram 600 of a rich-media content deliverysystem 605 incorporating supplemental content selector 125. Morespecifically, system 605 represents an implementation that includespagination engine 560 and its associated functionality, but in a portalenvironment. That is, system 605 is capable of generating content basedon a user request, and does not generally store articles prior to therequest. In this sense, system 605 is more similar to system 205 thansystem 505.

[0107] In other words, in system 505, as just explained, articles may becollected in a pool (and prioritized/filtered), stored in a database,and associated with a user all prior to a specific user request. Thearticles then may or may not be aggregated in a rich media setting (thatis, a setting that includes the possibility of incorporating varioustypes of media in a content delivery).

[0108] In FIG. 6, an article processor 610 associates articles withparticular users, using a user preference database 615. This associationmay occur by virtue of content metadata such as discussion objectscontained within the articles, as discussed above, or may occur byvirtue of a comparison of general article attributes and/or content touser preferences. An article generator 620 generates articles based oninformation in information sources 110. Article generator 620 may or maynot include metadata enhancer 120, and may or may not store the articlesseparately (although the articles could be cached for possible lateruse, as is referred to above).

[0109] It should be understood that article processor 610 is a simpleprocessing engine for associating iViews/articles to be generated basedon a user request, and does not require the capabilities ofcontent-based router 520 and/or personalized article processor 535 shownin system 505 of FIG. 5. Also, in contrast to personalized articleprocessor 535 (which processes article only after they are read byarticle reader 510, article processor 610 generally performs its(associating) functionality prior to generation of an article by articlegenerator 620.

[0110] Pagination engine 560 communicates with both article processor610 and user system 210. Pagination engine 560, as already described,will typically have access to characteristics of the client system beingused by each user, determined either from user preference database 615,user system capability database 225, or from the user request at thetime of the request.

[0111] In this way, pagination engine 560 determines a layout for thecanvas being used by each user, using canvas layout subsystem 565. Asdescribed above, one of the services of the canvas layout subsystem 565is to determine how much “space” is available to the user for displayingarticles, as well as any other user-specific capacity constraintsrelevant to deciding which articles to provide to the user(s).

[0112] Content-type selector 570 may then determine which renderingmedia are available to the user for the selected canvas, and whicharticles are consistent, or can be made to be consistent, with thatmedia. Media-type enabler 575 is available to utilize a type of mediathat would not normally be available to the user.

[0113] In the implementation of FIG. 6, article selection and layout maybe determined essentially as is done in the context of traditionalportal technology (that is, pre-determined, categorized canvas sectionssuch as iViews), or may, for example, incorporate any or all of theadvantageous features of system 505. In either case, system 605 servesto provide personalized audio and/or video presentations above andbeyond the context of traditional browser-based technologies. Userpreferences as to which media type is preferred may be stored in userpreference database 615, or may be included with a request from user210.

[0114] Thus in FIG. 6, supplemental content selector 125 may accesssupplemental content logic 620, user system capability database 225, anduser preference database 615, to thereby generate supplemental contentto be delivered to user 210.

[0115] In short, FIG. 6 demonstrates a system similar in concept to thatof FIG. 2, but that explicitly demonstrates an ability to use multimediain delivering content. For example, system 605 could generate content inthe form of an audio file, which might be accessed via a cell phone or aradio. In the audio file, the last twenty percent might be saved forsupplemental content. Similarly, system 605 could generate a video filefor delivery via a television, such as a closed-circuit television, and,again, some portion of the video file could be saved for supplementalcontent.

[0116] In one implementation, rich media is made available to systems505 and 605 by incorporating various content-types within content blockswithin the article, each content-type conveying similar information andhaving at least some segment of the content. See, for example, thearticle in FIG. 14, which is discussed in more detail below with respectto that drawing. As another example, an article might have one contentblock having an HTML chart, a second content block having a video file,a third content block having an audio file, and a fourth content blockhaving a text file. In this way, pagination engine 560 (specifically,content-type selector 570) can select the appropriate content type for agiven user and a given article.

[0117] In short, system 205 of FIG. 2 is an example of providingsupplemental content in a web-based portal environment. FIG. 5 is anexample of supplemental content in a highly personalized, dynamic,rich-media content delivery system for delivering pre-assembledarticles. Although system 505 of FIG. 5 may also utilize some of theconcepts of system 205, for example, inclusion of supplemental iViews inan otherwise dynamically-assembled delivery package, system 205 differsin that there is more of a direct connection between an actual publisherof information and user 210 than in system 505 (in which system 505 ismore of an intermediary between a publisher and a user). Finally, FIG. 6is an example of a rich-media content delivery system along the lines ofthe web portal shown in FIG. 2, that may provide more of a directconnection between publisher(s) and user(s), and does not require thepre-assembly of articles in the manner of FIG. 5.

[0118]FIG. 7 is a block diagram 700 of supplemental content selector 125in a publish/subscribe infrastructure that includes an informationdistribution source. In FIG. 7, a primary publisher 705 publishesarticles to an information distribution service, or “wire” 710, based oncontent obtained from information sources 715 and/or 720.

[0119] The term wire originates as a reference to distribution servicesused by news services such as the Associated Press (“AP”), whichpublishes news stories to be distributed nationally and used by nationaland/or local paper. In the context of this description, the term wiremay refer to many different types of information distribution services.For example, the wire 710 may be a collection of servers connected thrucomputer networks, and perhaps sending/receiving HTML, XML, simple text,and/or other types of content. Such servers may support thefunctionality of wire 710 by means of specialized software, such as amessaging system like Java Messaging Service (“JMS”).

[0120] Generally speaking, wire 710 may refer to any separation layerbetween the publishers and clients receiving published content. Wire 710could thus be a bus (for example, JMS or Elvin), or could simply be afile system or a table in a database. Wire 710 could also simply be theApplication Program Interface (“API”) to a publishing system, or simplyan electronic mail (“email”) inbox.

[0121] In short, wire 710 may be an information distribution servicethat supports publishing articles and/or messages, receiving thearticles/messages, listening for specific types of articles/messages,and selectively receiving specific types of article/messages thereof.Additionally, the term “stream” may be used to represent a flow ofarticles, messages, or other information on the wire.

[0122] Generally speaking, a characteristic of a messaging system suchas wire 710 is a separation between a sender such as primary publisher705 and a recipient. The structure of the messages is such that anyclient connected to the wire 710 can easily create a message andtransmit it over the wire 710. In order for the sender to send a messageto the recipient, the sender may utilize, for example, a direct addressof the recipient. However, it is not necessary that the sender know sucha direct address. For example, in the case of content-based messaging(discussed in more detail below), the sender need not know where or evenwho the recipient is; rather, the sender may merely send messages overwire 710, and trust that the wire 710 will, based on the content of themessages, ensure that users interested in such content will actuallyreceive the messages.

[0123] Thus, the wire 710 may act as a mediator between senders andrecipients. This layer of separation enables several advantageousfeatures in the system of FIG. 7. For example, messages can be sent fromsenders to recipients even if the recipients are not currentlyconnected. As a second example, delivery can essentially be guaranteed,inasmuch as the wire 710 may store all of the messages until delivery isconfirmed. As a third example, new parties can easily join in; forexample, the system API may be the same for all parties. As a finalexample, messaging can be performed anonymously; that is, senders neednot know exactly who is going to read their content. Similarly,recipients do not know exactly who is going to send them content afterthey create a subscription to the wire 710. In this case, only whenrecipients receive a message will they know who it was from.

[0124] Various techniques exist for routing messages on a wire. First,in direct addressing, each recipient has a unique address. Publisherswho want to send content to that recipient need to know this address.Email systems are an example of such a system.

[0125] Second, in channel-based addressing, recipients may subscribe toa channel or to a family of channels. Publishers send content tochannels, not to recipients directly. This provides for means tomulti-cast messages to multiple recipients who expressed interest in aspecific topic. A good example is a newsgroup, where people may join andthereafter receive all emails addressed to the group as a whole. Inaddition, users may opt to unsubscribe from the group.

[0126] As a final example, content based messaging (CBM) allowsrecipients to describe their subscription based on the content of themessage. A recipient specifies that he would like to receive messagesonly if they contain something specific. This provides for the ultimateseparation between senders and recipients. Senders simply broadcasttheir messages, which thereafter get routed only to interestedconsumers. As referred to above in the context of FIG. 5, variouscontent-based routers exist which enable this type of messaging.

[0127] In any of the above-described messaging schemes, messages mayreach users such as a user 725 and/or a user 730 via wire 710. Since themessages will often be in a format (for example, an XML file) that maybe unreadable to an average human recipient, it may be necessary toinclude client systems 735 or 740. As shown in FIG. 7, such clientsystems may be external to the user systems, as with client 735, or maybe an application running on the user system, such as with client 740.

[0128] Clients 735 and/or 740 may be capable of rendering the messagesin a format suitable for use by users 725 and 730, respectively, and inaccordance with the client's capabilities. For example, clientapplication 740 running on user system 730 may be an applicationdesigned simply to render text of a message to the user, perhaps as a“ticker” at the bottom of a screen of the user. In contrast, a morecomplex client system such as client 735 may be able to render messagesin a plurality of formats to a plurality of users. Examples of clientsystem 735 are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 12 and 13.

[0129] Contextual publisher 745 also may act as a client or subscriberto wire 710. Contextual publisher 745, unlike primary publisher 705,does not generally initiate generation of new content. Instead,contextual publisher 745 eavesdrops on the wire 710 for information thatit recognizes, and for which it has (or can generate) relevantinformation. When such information is recognized, the contextualpublisher 745 accesses or creates a message that is related to therecognized information in some way, and publishes the accessed/createdmessage on the wire 710, addressing the accessed/created message to thesame user(s) identified in the original, eavesdropped message (that is,the recognized information).

[0130] Contextual publisher 745 generally contains a message reader 750that monitors the wire 710 for articles in which the contextualpublisher has expertise. That is, contextual publisher 745 can beregarded as an expert in a specific field or category, and willgenerally publish supplemental content when such supplemental contentis, in fact, relevant to a particular article or message. This isrepresented in FIG. 7 by a connection between message reader 750 and asupplemental content logic database 755, which specifies the types ofmessages and/or subject matter that contextual publisher 745 shouldintercept.

[0131] Supplemental content selector 125, as generally described above,receives as to input supplemental content logic from database 755, aswell as messages from message reader 750, and outputs messages back ontothe wire. The supplemental messages may be accessed from/or generatedusing information sources 135. The supplemental messages also may bestored in supplemental articles database 760, so that contextualpublisher 745 can transmit the messages more quickly the next timecontextual publisher intercepts a related message from primary publisher705.

[0132] In FIG. 7, message reader 750 is shown to contain a metadataenhancer 120 a, which, as already described for metadata enhancer 120,assists the supplemental content selector in determining whether tointercept a message and/or generate a related message by adding contentmetadata to the message(s). This technique, however, may requirecontextual publisher 745 to intercept almost every message to enhancemetadata before determining whether contextual publisher 745 shouldpublish supplemental content. In another implementation, a metadataenhancer 120 b can be alternatively or additionally provided on the wireand external to the contextual publisher, so that one metadata enhancer120 b may provide metadata for a number of contextual publishers, and sothat the contextual publishers may therefore intercept only thosemessages already with metadata about which contextual publisher 745 hasspecific knowledge.

[0133] An example of a contextual publisher 745 might be one thatlistens on a news wire for articles (embodied as messages) regardingStandard and Poor (“S&P”) 500 companies. Whenever one is detected, thecontextual publisher 745 generates a new message with the stock quotefor that company. Since the discussed company is in the news for a givenday, it is likely that recipients of that original message will be alsointerested in the stock quote message as well.

[0134]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a supplemental content generationsystem. In FIG. 8, two primary publishers 705 a and 705 b, onecontextual publisher 745, and one consumer (which could be clientapplication 735 or 740 associated with user 725 and 735, respectively)interact within an enriched information stream system sent via wire 710.

[0135] For the example of FIG. 8, it is assumed that the publishers 705a and 705 b are using wire 710 to transmit messages to consumers (asopposed to more of a consumer-to-consumer scenario, which would also bepossible). As described above, and depending on the messaging schemeutilized, publishers 705 a and 705 b need not know where the consumer735/740 is at the moment of sending the message. It is enough that theyknow that the consumer is (or will be) connected to the wire, and thatthe wire has some technique for routing the message to the appropriateuser(s). Again, such routing techniques may be, for example, directaddressing, channel-based subscriptions, or content-based messaging. Incontent-based messaging, no specific user address is needed; rather, themere fact that a message having certain content is placed onto the wireshould be sufficient to ensure that users interested in such messageswill receive them.

[0136] Contextual publisher 745 may be thought of as a consumer and apublisher at the same time. That is, contextual publisher 745 bothreceives messages and sends new messages.

[0137] In FIG. 8, then, primary publisher 705 a publishes a message A805, which the consumer 735/740 receives via wire 710. Meanwhile primarypublisher 705 b publishes a message B 810, which the consumer 735/740also receives. Contextual publisher 745 also receives message B 810,since contextual publisher 745 determines that message B 810 is a typeof message with respect to which contextual publisher 745 has expertiseand has (or can access or generate) supplemental messages. Contextualpublisher 745 then publishes message B′ 815 onto the wire. Since messageB′ 815 has content similar to message B 810, and/or because contextualpublisher 745 is aware of routing information in message B 810 thatresults in consumer 735/740 being a recipient, contextual publisher 745is also capable of forwarding message B′ 815 to consumer 735/740 usingwire 710.

[0138]FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a supplemental content generationsystem. In FIG. 9, message A 805 is sent from primary publisher 705 a ina time period 905 to consumer 735/740 in a time period 910. Contextualpublisher 745 also receives message A 805 early in a time period 915,and, determining that message A 805 is not relevant to subjects in whichthis contextual publisher 745 has expertise, then discards message A805. In a time period 920, consumer 735/740 goes offline (or experiencessome network delay or malfunction that prevents or delays reception),and does not have immediate access to wire 710.

[0139] Next, in a time period 925, primary publisher 705 b publishesmessage B 810, which is received by contextual publisher 745 later intime period 915. Determining that it has expertise about the subjectmatter of message B 810, contextual publisher 745 publishes the relatedmessage B′ 815, which is then passed on (through wire 710) to consumer735/740 in a time period 930, during which the consumer 735/740 is againonline. Message B 810 is received by consumer 735/740 later in timeperiod 930.

[0140] It should be understood from FIG. 9 that message B 810 was sentby primary publisher 705 b during a portion of time period 925corresponding to time period 920, during which the consumer 735/740 wasoffline. Therefore, message B 810 is not immediately received byconsumer 735/740. Nonetheless, contextual publisher 745 does receivemessage B 810, and soon thereafter publishes message B′ 815, which istherefore received earlier in time period 930 (during which consumer735/740 comes back online) than the message B 810 which inspired it,which is ultimately delivered by wire 710.

[0141] One advantageous reason to produce supplemental, contextualcontent is to provide consumers with information regarding stories theyalready find interesting. In this regard, FIG. 10 is a screenshot 1000of a message and supplemental content. In FIG. 10, a message 1005contains a message about customers of an enterprise who have pendingcomplaints with the enterprise. The message contains various discussionobjects, such as “Wacky Foods” 1010, “My Muffin Ltd” 1015, “Breads R Us”1020, and “Have Your Cake Inc” 1025. These discussion objects (and theirassociated classes/categories, not shown) may have been identified bymetadata enhancer 120 a or 120 b in FIG. 7, or may have been identifiedby the original primary publisher 705.

[0142]FIG. 10 also includes a supplemental message 1030. This messagewas produced by contextual publisher 745, according to the processdescribed above. Messages 1005 and 1030 can be delivered and rendered tothe consumer 735/740 in a variety of ways, as referred to above anddescribed in more detail below.

[0143] Contextual publisher 745 thus increases the likelihood that userswill receive sufficient information on topics that they findinteresting, without overburdening either the users or the system(s)delivering the information to the users. In other words, conventionalsystem may be capable of delivering much of the content that a user mayfind interesting; however, delivering all available content (forexample, all stock quotes currently available) would make it difficultfor the user to sift through the content to find useful information (forexample, a particular stock quote). Even if a client application of auser were implemented for prioritizing such content, the clientapplication itself may become overburdened.

[0144] With contextual publisher 745, however, the user may only receiveinformation that the contextual publisher 745 may infer will be useful.In this way, a burden on both the user and the user's client applicationis reduced, and the likelihood of the user receiving information that isboth interesting and useful to the user may be increased.

[0145] Contextual publisher 745 can be implemented in different ways,depending on the addressing scheme being used. For example, with directaddressing, all messages are generally routed directly to the consumer.Thus, because contextual publisher 745 does not impersonate a specificconsumer, the contextual publisher 745 does not have access to themessages. In order to enable content enrichment in this environment,contextual publisher 745 may be run in a privileged environment where ithas access to all messages. In the privileged environment, contextualpublisher 745 can analyze each message and, where applicable, generate asupplemental message. In most cases in this type of scenario, thesupplemental message will be addressed to the addressee of the originalmessage.

[0146] For example, a contextual publisher for an email system may beinstalled on the email server itself. It would therefore have access toall incoming and outgoing emails, and would be able to process them. Ifan email contains a subject that the contextual publisher 745 feels ithas something to contribute to, it may generate a new email withsupplemental content (or append the supplemental content to the emailwith the primary content).

[0147] In the example of channel-based subscriptions, the contextualpublisher 745 can act as a regular subscriber and subscribe to thechannel like anybody else. When a new message comes in to the channel,all users, including the contextual publisher 745, will receive it. Atthis point, the contextual publisher 745 can process the message and maychoose to publish a new message that is based on the original one. Insome cases the new message will be directed to the same channel, sinceit is likely to deal with the same topic as the original message. Inothers, it may be directed to another channel.

[0148] For example, assume a messaging system with a channel forcustomer complaints. A contextual publisher 745 may eavesdrop on(subscribe to) this channel and process all incoming complaints. Out ofeach message, the contextual publisher 745 may extract the customer whocomplained and generate a full customer report for that customer. Thisreport may then be broadcast (via the wire 710) on another channel.

[0149] With content-based messaging, (“CBM”), the contextual publisher745 is free to use the fine-grained subscription mechanism to subscribeto only those messages for which it has (or can obtain or generate)supplemental content. This reduces the overhead of processing messagesthat will not generate supplemental content. Once a message does passthrough to the contextual publisher 745, the contextual publisher 745generates the supplemental message and publishes it. Moreover, in theCBM environment, as long as the right metadata is included in thesupplemental message, the message will find its way to the rightconsumers.

[0150] For example, the contextual publisher 745 may subscribe only tomessages that contain metadata about companies. Once received, thecontextual publisher 745 will thus look up the quotes, generate a newmessage (making sure to mark it with the same metadata as the oldmessage) and publish it to the wire. Because the metadata is the sameand because consumers subscribe based on metadata, those consumers thatreceive the original message are very likely to receive the supplementalmessage.

[0151] Because there could be several contextual publishers, some mightproduce supplemental content that is based on another's supplementalcontent (as opposed to an original message of a primary publisher). Thismay produce a cascade effect of messages. If needed, it is possible toeliminate cascading by preventing contextual publishers from receivingmessages of anyone but primary publishers. Alternatively, if cascadingis desired, its flow may be controlled in other means to prevent anoverflow of messages and, even in extreme situations, an infinitefeedback loop between publishers.

[0152]FIG. 11 is a block diagram 1100 of a supplemental contentgeneration system in a content-based messaging environment. In FIG. 11,a producer (primary publisher) 1105 reads stock quotes from varioussources, such as a DOW 1110 and a DAX 1115 (representing an American andGerman stock index, respectively), via, for example, the Internet 1120.The stock quotes may then be mapped onto a message (not shown) andpublished onto a CBM infrastructure 1125, which may be thought of as atype of wire 710. In this example, the message contains the symbol ofthe stock, the stock quote, a time stamp of the quote, and the source ofthe quote.

[0153] Meanwhile, a newsbot 1130 and a newsbot 1135 may read newsarticles from various other individual sources, such as a news source1140 and a news source 1145, respectively, and store the articles asmessages within a local database (not shown). The newsbots 1130 and 1135may be, for example, software agents as described above, and may becollecting information about stocks in the news.

[0154] Each newsbot 1130 and 1135 subscribes to messages on CBMinfrastructure 1125 to receive messages that contain stock quotes andare not generated by any other newsbot. Each newsbot 1130 and 1135publishes messages that contain, for example, the ticker symbolcontained in the original message, the name of the newsbot thatpublished the message, and a Uniform Resource Locator (“URL”) thatpoints to the original news story on the web (i.e., the original messagewhich triggered the collection of the stock quote(s)). Alternatively,the newsbot 1130 or 1135 may publish a message that contains the newsstory and stock quote(s) directly, rather than pointing to theirlocation on the web.

[0155] A client 1150 subscribes to those messages that contain symbolsthat an associated user (not shown) is interested in.

[0156] Finally, an HTML bot 1155 subscribes to all messages that containa stock symbol, and stores incoming messages in an internal database.Upon the fulfillment of some predetermined rule or condition forgenerating contextual content, the HTML bot may generate a webpagecontaining at least the stock symbol(s)/quote(s) (and possibly also theoriginal news story), and placed on a webserver 1160. Then, a newmessage is generated containing the original message containing thestock symbol, the name of the HTML bot that published the message, and aURL pointing to the generated webpage.

[0157]FIG. 12 is a block diagram 1200 illustrating a content deliverysystem using a contextual publisher 745. As referred to above, messagesfrom primary publisher 705 and contextual publisher 745 may not be in aformat that is immediately accessible by user 210. For example, themessage may be an XML file that would not be useful to user 210. Thus, aclient application such as system 1205 may be necessary to translate themessage(s) into a usable format for the user 210.

[0158] In FIG. 12, then, client application 1205 is shown to be acontent delivery system that is very similar to the content deliverysystem 505 of FIG. 5. That is, articles/messages from the wire 710 arecollected by article reader 510, and prioritized, filtered, aggregated,and assembled for a user 210 by the various components of system 1205,the operation of which was explained with respect to FIG. 5. As withsystem 505, the system 1205 may also act on behalf of another user, suchas user 580. Sorted articles database 540 is shown including a User Bdatabase 1210 that may be used to store articles for user 580.

[0159] Using client system 1205, user 210 has access to the advantageousfeatures of prioritization and/or filtering that increase the likelihoodthat the user 210 will receive messages in which he or she is actuallyinterested. Further, supplemental articles can be put into the pool andprioritized along with all the other (that is, the primary) articles, sothat a supplemental article that has a relatively low priority will notbe shown to user 210. This feature may be particularly helpful whenmessages are emailed to the user 210, since it will help keep the user210 from feeling that his or her email inbox has been “spammed,” oroverwhelmed with uninteresting information. Moreover, system 1205 mayinclude a ratings system for each discussion object, whereby user 210will be able to rate a particular discussion object or entire message asparticularly interesting or disinteresting. This rating may be stored inuser preference database 525, so that, over time, the user 210 will bemore and more likely to receive messages that are of interest to him orher.

[0160] Additionally, pagination engine 560 may provide the content tothe user in a format or media (for example, text, audio, video) that theuser 210 finds most advantageous. Pagination engine 560 may also be ableto reserve space in a rendered page or canvas for supplemental content,since the supplemental content (due to its relatively low priorityranking) might otherwise not be shown on the page.

[0161] System 1205, like system 505, assumes that messages and articlesare pre-assembled for users, so that they may largely be prioritized andfiltered for delivery to user 210 upon a logging on to the system byuser 210. This will generally be the case, since contextual publisher745 must have something (that is, some article or message) to interceptand examine in order to generate supplemental content.

[0162]FIG. 13 is a block diagram that demonstrates another system 1305for providing supplemental content to a user 210. Although system 1205exemplified a system for providing some subset of pre-assembled articlesand associated articles, it is also possible to use the contextualpublisher concept in a more conventional portal environment. That is, ina conventional portal environment, as explained above, articles are notassembled for display in, for example, iViews, until user 210 actuallyrequests the page of iViews. Therefore, it is problematic for thecontextual publisher 745 to generate supplemental content when theprimary content has not yet been determined.

[0163] One way to consider the difficulty in utilizing the contextualpublisher 745 in a conventional portal environment is to consider thedifference between an email system and a live telephone conversation. Inthe former, the delayed nature of emails results in a number of emailmessages accumulating in an inbox. As the messages enter the inbox, acontextual publisher 745 having appropriate permissions can generatesupplemental content specific to those email messages. In contrast,during a live telephone conversation, it would be more difficult for acontextual publisher to determine topics of conversation and providesupplemental content in a timely fashion.

[0164] One way around this problem involves “predictive caching,” inwhich a mechanism predicts, based on, for example, past use of the user210, types of articles that user 210 may request. For example, thesystem 1305, having knowledge that user 210 normally logs on everymorning, may refresh or update a page of iViews to be delivered to auser sometime during the night before. Based on the resulting articles,supplemental content can be generated and assembled for delivery to theuser.

[0165] Thus, in system 1305, many of the elements of systems 205 and 605are displayed. There is no supplemental content selector 125 in system1305, since supplemental content is provided by contextual publisher745; however, such a supplemental content selector 125 and associatedsupplemental content logic could be included, for example, if thesupplemental content logic was somehow different from the supplementalcontent logic used by contextual publisher 745. For example, thesupplemental content selector 125 may be more specific to user 210 thansimply specifying a particular topic or subject. Similarly, paginationengine 560 is shown to include the canvas layout subsystem 565, thecontent-type selector 570, and the media-type enabler 575 discussedabove for delivering rich media content including audio, video, and textto be rendered as audio and/or video. However, pagination engine 230,without some or all of these features, could also be used.

[0166] In FIG. 13, then, system 1305 performs similarly to systems 205and/or 605, but inputs articles from wire 710 and stores them in a cache1310, based on an update/refresh initiated by predictive caching engine1315. Contextual publisher 745, realizing, or being informed, that thesearticles are in fact being delivered to system 1305, may then generatesupplemental content. The supplemental content may also be stored incache 1310 and delivered when a user logs onto the system 1305.

[0167] In FIG. 13, predictive caching engine 1315 and cache 1310 areshown as external to system 1305, in order to emphasize the point thatuser 210 may, when possible, receive content directly from theseelements. In other words, predictive caching engine 1315 may operate asa proxy server of content for user 210, and may be located more closelyto user 210 than system 1305 itself. On the other hand, predictivecaching engine 1315 may also be incorporated within system 1305. Also,predictive caching engine 1315 may be similarly employed with respect tosystem 205 in FIG. 2. In neither case will user 210 generally have anability to determine a source of the content being delivered; rather,predictive caching engine 1315 and/or pagination engine 560 will makesuch a determination, based on, for example, an availability of contentin cache 1310 and/or the speed from which content can be delivered touser 210 from system 1305 versus predictive caching engine 1315.

[0168] In another implementation, space on a rendering canvas, such asone or more iViews on a portal page, can be reserved for supplementalcontent from a contextual publisher, as described above with respect toFIGS. 2-6. While primary space on the screen (for example, section 305)may be filled as soon as possible, the secondary space 325 may bereserved for future use. In other words, section 325 may remain blank toa user's view while the contextual publisher 745 examines the primaryarticles and delivers supplemental content to fill the section 325. Inthis implementation, as well as in other implementations as would beapparent, supplemental content may only be generated after a user hasmaintained a certain primary article on a canvas for a pre-determinedperiod of time, such as, for example, ten seconds. This technique helpsensure that user 210 is actually interested in a piece of content beforesupplemental content is generated.

[0169] In another implementation, supplemental content may be generatedbased on a “hot topic” of the day, for example, once a certain number ofprimary articles have been generated about a specific topic, acontextual publisher 745 or some other supplemental content selector 125(for example, in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6) may generate supplemental contentabout that topic for delivery to the user 210. The supplemental articlesmay be delivered to the user 210 even if the user 210 has expressed nointerest in the topic, or even if the user 210 has expressed disinterestin the topic. This feature may be used in system 1305, sincesupplemental content can be generated about the “hot topic” even withoutpredictive caching. For example, the “hot topic” may also be determinedby compiling statistics of what users are seeing and predicting the “hottopic” based on the statistics.

[0170]FIG. 14 demonstrates an article 1400 used in one implementation ofthe system. Article 1400 is written in XML. In article 1400, a section1405 contains general attributes of the article, such as its author,time of creation, and level of importance. A section 1410 labels a firstcontent portion as being narrative text in proper grammar for readingand having a headline portion 1415 and a details portion 1420. A section1425 labels a second content portion as being HTML-based, with aheadline in section 1430 and a table 1435, as its detailed content.

[0171] A section 1440 labels the next content block as containing aviewable image in a standard format such as “.gif.” The image has anassociated headline in section 1445, and is itself located in section1450. Finally, a section 1455 labels a last content block as containingmusic, which may be, for example, background music having no words, in astandard format such as “midi.” The actual midi file is in a section1460.

[0172] Although not explicitly shown, it should be understood that video(for example, MPEG) and other formats may also be used. Also, as shouldbe understood from FIG. 6, articles such as article 1400 may includesummaries of the articles, or of article portions. Also, content blocksmay be labeled as mutually exclusive or not, for example, typically anarticle summary would not be included in the same page as the articleitself, as that would be redundant.

[0173] In the implementations described above, a supplemental contentselector inputs primary articles, user preferences, and supplementalcontent logic, and outputs articles having content that supplements thecontent of the primary articles. In a conventional portal environment,the supplemental content selector allows the portal to retain space (forexample, iViews) on the page for the supplemental content, delivered tothe user, for example, with or after the primary content. The primaryand supplemental content can also be delivered in various media,including audio or video.

[0174] In a personalized, dynamic content delivery system, thesupplemental content can be prioritized with, apart from, or based on aprioritization of the primary content, and delivered to the user in aplurality of media formats.

[0175] Supplemental content selector can also be used as part of acontextual publisher, which eavesdrops on an information distributionservice for content in articles in which it has a particular expertiseor ability in adding supplemental content. The supplemental content canthen be delivered to the user, via the information distribution systemand perhaps a client system interacting with a system of the user. Theclient system may be, for example, the personalized, dynamic contentdelivery system described above, or may be any of the other contentdelivery systems described herein.

[0176] A number of implementations of methods and systems for presentingpersonalized content have been described. Nevertheless, it will beunderstood that various modifications may be made. Accordingly, otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for supplementing content, the methodcomprising: inputting a primary media asset, the primary media assetincluding primary content having individual elements and primary contentmetadata, the primary content metadata including the individual elementsand a characterization of the individual elements; accessingsupplemental content logic, the supplemental content logic includingrules for the selection of supplemental content based on the primarycontent metadata; and outputting a supplemental media asset, based onthe supplemental content logic.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein themethod further comprises aggregating the primary media asset and thesupplemental media asset for delivery to a user.
 3. The method of claim2, further comprising delivering the primary media asset and thesupplemental media asset to the user.
 4. The method of claim 3, whereindelivering the primary media asset and the supplemental media assetcomprises delivering the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset electronically.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein delivering theprimary media asset and the supplemental media asset comprises:formatting a first frame for displaying the primary content; andformatting a second frame for displaying the supplemental content. 6.The method of claim 2, wherein the supplemental content logic includespreference information related to the user.
 7. The method of claim 2,wherein the supplemental media asset includes supplemental content andsupplemental content metadata characterizing individual elements of thesupplemental content, and further wherein the supplemental content logicspecifies a particular topic that is specified by the supplementalcontent metadata, for inclusion in the supplemental media asset.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein outputting the supplemental media assetcomprises determining a primary discussion object within the primarycontent metadata, and the supplemental content selection rule specifiesthat the supplemental content should include the primary discussionobject.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein outputting the supplementalmedia asset comprises: determining an amount of space available fordisplaying the supplemental media assets to the user; and including theamount of space in the supplemental content logic.
 10. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the supplemental content logic includes informationrelated to an availability to a user of a rendering medium.
 11. Themethod of claim 1, wherein inputting a primary media asset, accessingsupplemental content logic, and outputting a supplemental media assetare performed electronically.
 12. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising delivering the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset to the user in a first and a second frame, respectively.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, wherein the first frame and the second frame are afirst iView and a second iView, respectively.
 14. The method of claim 1,wherein the supplemental content logic includes an importance levelassigned to the primary content metadata.
 15. The method of claim 2,wherein aggregating the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset comprises: assembling a pool of primary media assets; filteringthe pool of primary media assets to obtain a filtered pool; prioritizingeach primary media asset within the filtered pool, based on a preferenceof the user; and delivering the primary media assets and thesupplemental media asset to the user.
 16. The method of claim 15,wherein aggregating the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset comprises including a plurality of supplemental media assets withthe pool of primary media assets before the filtering and theprioritizing of the primary media assets.
 17. The method of claim 15,wherein aggregating the primary media asset and the supplemental mediaasset comprises selecting a supplemental media asset for delivery withthe primary media assets based on the filtering and the prioritizing ofthe primary media assets.
 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:outputting multiple supplemental media assets; storing the multiplesupplemental media assets; and selecting at least one of thesupplemental media assets for delivery to a user upon a request from theuser.
 19. A system for aggregating content, the system comprising: anarticle reader operable to output a primary article, the primary articleincluding primary content and primary content metadata characterizingindividual elements of the primary content; a storage device operable tostore a supplemental content selection rule; a supplemental contentselector operable to select a supplemental article for delivery to theuser, the supplemental article containing supplemental content andsupplemental content metadata relating to individual elements of thesupplemental content, the supplemental article being selected based onthe primary content metadata, the supplemental content metadata and thesupplemental content selection rule; and a pagination engine operable toaggregate the primary article and the supplemental article intopersonalized content.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the contentselection rule includes information about a type of rendering mediumavailable to the user for rendering the supplemental article.
 21. Thesystem of claim 19, wherein the content selection rule includes anamount of space available to the user for rendering the supplementalarticle.
 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the content selection ruleincludes information relating to a display or content preference of theuser.
 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the primary content metadataincludes an importance level of the primary content, and further whereinthe content selection rule includes information related to selecting thesupplemental article according to the importance level.
 24. The systemof claim 19, wherein the pagination engine is further operable to formata first frame for display of the primary article, and a second frame fordisplay of the supplemental article.
 25. The system of claim 19, whereinthe supplemental content selector generates the supplemental article forselection and delivery to the user.
 26. An apparatus comprising astorage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructionsincluding: a first code segment for accessing a primary article, theprimary article including primary content and primary content metadatacharacterizing individual elements of the primary content; a second codesegment for implementing a display for displaying at least some of thearticles, the display having a first subsection and a second subsection;a third code segment for associating the primary article with the firstsubsection; a fourth code segment for generating a supplemental articlecontaining supplemental content and supplemental content metadata, thesupplemental content metadata including individual elements of thesupplemental content, based on the primary content metadata, thesupplemental content metadata and a content selection rule; and a fifthcode segment for associating the supplemental article with the secondsubsection.
 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and secondsubsections display the primary article and the supplemental article,respectively.
 28. A system for rendering content, the system comprising:a media asset reader operable to access media assets; a frame generatoroperable to generate a set of frames in a display format in which asubset of the media assets is to be displayed, and further operable togenerate a supplemental frame in the display format; and a supplementalcontent generator operable to determine a supplemental media asset,based on supplemental content metadata within the supplemental mediaasset and on content selection rules, for inclusion within thesupplemental frame.
 29. The system of claim 28, wherein each media assetin the subset includes content and content metadata characterizing thecontent, and further wherein the supplemental content generatordetermines a supplemental media asset based on the content metadata. 30.The system of claim 28, wherein the supplemental content generator isfurther operable to determine the supplemental media asset based onpreference metadata associated with a user.
 31. The system of claim 28,wherein the frame generator is further operable to dynamically size theset of frames and the supplemental frame, based on an amount of spaceavailable for display and preference metadata associated with a user.32. A system for delivering content, the system comprising: means forselecting a number of articles; means for analyzing the number ofarticles to determine related articles; means for aggregating the numberof articles and the related articles; and means for delivering thenumber of articles and the related articles to a user.